Gramática: The Future

PRESENT CONTINUOUS / GOING TO / WILL

Reza: Are you going on holiday any time soon?
Craig: Yes, I am. Hopefully I’m going on holiday soon.

Reza: Where are you going to stay?
Craig is going to stay with his friend in Sydney, Australia.

Use ‘going to’ for future plans.

Reza: What will the weather be like?
Craig thinks it’ll (it will) be cold. It will be winter in Australia.

Use ‘will’ for predictions about the future: ‘Craig thinks it’ll probably be cold.’

Use ‘going to’ for predictions based on current evidence: ‘Look at those clouds, it’s going to rain.’
‘Look at that woman. She’s pregnant. She’s going to have a baby.’
‘Look at that boy, he’s going to fall off the bike.’

     Consulta el Indice completo del Audio 

Gramática: TOO / ALSO

¿Cuál es la diferencia entre too y also? ¿Cuándo debo utilizar too y also?
Also / too = también
Reza speaks Spanish and Craig speaks Spanish, TOO/ALSO.
Reza speaks Spanish and Craig ALSO speaks Spanish.
Reza drinks tea, he also drinks Guinness.

TOO goes at the end of the sentence or clause. Also can go at the end of the sentence or clause and before the main verb.
“Also” comes after “to be.”
Examples:
I’m also going to the party.
Reza is British. Reza is also Irish (and proud!)

ALSO goes after the auxiliary verb and before the main verb:
Craig has been to Cuba. Reza has ALSO been to Cuba.
ALSO también se puede poner al final:
Craig has been to Cuba ALSO.
“Too” usually comes at the end of a clause:
If he wants to go too, he should meet us at 8 o’clock.
Reza is working hard to find a recipe for dulce de leche. Craig, too, is looking for a way to make it.

     Consulta el Indice completo del Audio 

Gramática: MODAL VERBS – An introduction

We spoke about can and can’t in episode 7.
Los verbos modales en inglés (modal auxiliary verbs) son:

can, could – poder, saber
may, might – poder
will, would – querer
shall, should – deber
must – deber
ought to – deber

A veces, ‘need‘ (tener que) y ‘dare‘ (atreverse), también tienen las mismas características gramaticales de los verbos modales.

• No añaden la ‘s’ en la tercera persona del singular del presente.
– She must know his telephone number. – Ella debe saber su número de teléfono.
X She musts know…. X
• Forman la interrogación, la negación, las respuestas cortas y las llamadas ‘preguntas coletilla‘ (tag questions), sin utilizar el auxiliary ‘do’.
– Can you speak Spanish? – ¿Puedes hablar español?
X Do you can….. X
• Forman la negación añadiendo el not.
– I cannot go on Friday. – No puedo ir el viernes.
• Admiten contracciones.

     Consulta el Indice completo del Audio 

Gramática: Modal Verbs – MAY / MIGHT

Usos mas importantes de may:

1.Permiso, sobre todo en preguntas:

May I disturb you for a moment? – ¿Puedo molestarle un momento?
May I put the light on? – ¿Puedo encender la luz?

Nota:
Para expresar poder de permiso con may, se puede utilizar también can y could en el
lenguaje más informal.
‘May not’ puede usarse para denegar permiso y para prohibir en el estilo formal:
Students may not use the staff car park. – Los estudiantes no pueden usar el aparcamiento
del profesorado.

Nota:
Must not también se emplea para prohibir. Es más fuerte y enfático que may not:

Students must not use the staff car park.
‘May I borrow your car?’ ‘No, you may not.’ - ‘¿Me prestas tu coche?’ ‘No, no te lo presto.’

     Consulta el Indice completo del Audio